From the Sun King Louis XIV to Emperor Kangxi
A Royal Baroque Music Travelogue
從太陽王路易十四到康熙
巴洛克宮廷音樂遊蹤
志蓮淨苑南蓮園池香海軒
Xiang Hai Xuan, Nan Lian Garden, Chi Lin Nunnery
2020 年 1 月 12 日 星期日下午3時15分
12 JANUARY 2020 Sunday 3:15pm
音樂會前導賞: 下午2 時 30 分
Pre-Concert Talk at 2:30pm
主辦：香港早期音樂協會
Presented by Early Music Society of Hong Kong
Program Introduction
Join us for a program of music heard in the courts of France, Germany, and China. From the courts of the Kangxi Emperor in Beijing to the Louis XIV in Versaille, music and text heard in these royal courts will illuminate the Catholic missionary network in the Age of Discovery.
PROGRAM
Music in the Forbidden City and the Palace of Versaille
The Italian missionary Father Pedrini wrote a letter in 1771 from Beijing to Rome.
康熙49年意大利傳教士德理格回信羅馬
The Emperor called me into his presence […] and before his throne was a harpsichord. He made me sing the notes of a song written by himself, and then made me play it on the harpsichord with a few others in the Chinese fashion, and then in the European fashion. Afterwards we played some European sonatas…
皇上召臣德理格入宮殿，御前西洋樂器鐵絲琴一具。皇上令臣彈奏御編曲一首，隨後又令臣奏本國之曲數首，跟隨西洋樂曲。之後我們彈奏歐洲奏鳴曲 …
Teodorico Pedrini 德理格 (1671–1746)
Sonata No. 3 in D Major from Sonate a violino solo col basso del Nepridi, opera terza (c. 1711–1746)
Grave
Allegro
Adagio
Allegro
Allegro
Baroque Violin: Addi Liu
Baroque Cello: Jamie Jim
Harpsichord: Derek Tam
利瑪竇，西琴曲意，1601年
萬曆二十八年，歲次庚子，竇具贄物赴京師，獻上，間有西洋樂器雅琴一具，視中州異形，撫之有異音。皇上奇之，因樂師問曰：
「其奏必有本國之曲，願聞之。」
竇對曰：「夫他曲，旅人罔知，惟習道語數曲，今譯其大意，以大朝文字，敬陳於左。第譯其意，而不能隨其本韻者，方音異也。」
A Shepherd Boy Wandering in the Hills 牧童遊山
Text by Matteo Ricci 利瑪竇 (1552–1610)
Music adapted by John Thompson, based on Mozi Bei Ge 墨子悲歌 (1609)
Text from Canzone del manicordio di Europa voltate in lettera cinese 西琴曲意 (1601)
Soprano: Anna O’Connell
Baroque Flute: Cheng-Yu Wu
Harpsichord: Derek Tam
| 牧童遊山 | A Shepherd Boy Wandering in the Hills |
| 牧童忽有憂， | A shepherd boy fell sad one day, |
| 即厭此山， | Hating the hillside on which he stood; |
| 而遠望彼山之如美， | He thought a distant hill he saw, more beautiful by far, |
| 可雪憂焉。 | And that going there would wipe away his sorrows. |
| 至彼山， | So he set off to that distant hill, |
| 近彼山， | But as he drew near to it |
| 近不若遠矣。 | It looked less good than it had from afar. |
| 牧童、牧童， | O shepherd boy, shepherd boy, |
| 易居者寧易己乎？ | How can you expect to transform yourself by changing your dwelling place? |
| 汝何往而能離己乎？ | If you move away can you leave yourself behind? |
| 憂樂由心萌， | Sorrow and joy sprout in the heart. |
| 心平隨處樂， | If the heart is peaceful, you’ll be happy everywhere, |
| 心幻隨處憂， | If the heart is in turmoil, every place brings sorrow. |
| 微埃入目， | A grain of dust in your eye |
| 人速疾之， | Brings discomfort speedily; |
| 而爾寬於串心之錐乎？ | How can you then ignore this sharp awl that pierces your heart? |
| 已外尊己， | If you yearn for things outside yourself |
| 固不及自得矣， | You will never obtain what you are seeking. |
| 奚不治本心， | Why not put your own heart in order |
| 而永安於故山也？ | And find peace on your own hillside? |
| 古今論皆指一耳。 | Old and new writers alike give this advice: |
| 遊外無益， | There’s no advantage to roaming outside, |
| 居內有利矣！ | Keep the heart inside, for that brings the profit. |
| Translation by Jonathan Spence |
In the last decade of the reign of Louis XIV, François Couperin composed and performed private concerts for the King at the Palace of Versaille. Three decades ago Louis XIV sent six Jesuit missionaries known as the King’s Mathematicians from Versaille to Beijing to teach the Kangxi Emperor mathematics.
One of the priests returned from China to France in 1681, bringing with him the young Chinese man, Michael Alphonsius Shen Fu-Tsung [沈福宗]. They were presented to Louis XIV in 1684, along with Chinese classics text translated into Latin.
The French missionary Father Amiot wanted to impress Chinese scholars with the European music, playing Rameau’s Les Sauvage. He wrote in his diary:
“One day I enquired how they found our music […] They replied as politely as they possibly could that our songs are not made for their ears […] The songs of [Chinese] music, pass from the ear to the heart, and from the heart to the soul. We feel them, we understand them: those ones that you [Europeans] just played do not make that effect on us.”
Jean-Philippe Rameau (1683–1764)
Les Sauvage from Nouvelles suites de pièces de clavecin (1727)
François Couperin (1668–1733)
Second Concert from Concerts Royaux
Prélude, gracieusment
Allemande Fuguée, gayment
Air Tendre
Air Contre fugué, vivement
Échos, tendrement
Baroque Flute: Cheng-Yu Wu
Baroque Violin: Addi Liu
Viola da Gamba: Lam Tim Wai
Harpsichord: Derek Tam
Intermission
Music for the Prussian and Celestial Courts
Ich habe genug,
Ich habe den Heiland, das Hoffen der Frommen,
Auf meine begierigen Arme genommen;
Ich habe genug!
I have enough,
I have taken the Savior, the hope of the righteous,
into my eager arms;
I have enough!
Bach
Ich habe genug, BWV 82 (1731)
Aria: Ich habe genug
Recitativo: Ich habe genug
Aria: Schlummert ein, ihr matten Augen
Recitativo: Mein Gott! wenn kömmt das schöne: Nun!
Aria: Ich freue mich auf meinen Tod
Soprano: Anna O’Connell
Baroque Flute: Cheng-Yu Wu
Baroque Violin: Addi Liu, Edmond Chan
Baroque Viola: Lam Tim Wai
Baroque Cello: Jamie Jim
Harpsichord: Derek Tam
| 1. Aria | 1. Aria |
| Ich habe genug, | I have enough, |
| Ich habe den Heiland, das Hoffen der Frommen, | I have taken the Savior, the hope of the righteous, |
| Auf meine begierigen Arme genommen; | into my eager arms; |
| Ich habe genug! | I have enough! |
| Ich hab ihn erblickt, | I have beheld Him, |
| Mein Glaube hat Jesum ans Herze gedrückt; | my faith has pressed Jesus to my heart; |
| Nun wünsch ich, noch heute mit Freuden | now I wish, even today with joy |
| Von hinnen zu scheiden. | to depart from here. |
| 2. Recitative | 2. Recitative |
| Ich habe genug. | I have enough. |
| Mein Trost ist nur allein, | My comfort is this alone, |
| Dass Jesus mein und ich sein eigen möchte sein. | that Jesus might be mine and I His own. |
| Im Glauben halt ich ihn, | In faith I hold Him, |
| Da seh ich auch mit Simeon | there I see, along with Simeon, |
| Die Freude jenes Lebens schon. | already the joy of the other life. |
| Laßt uns mit diesem Manne ziehn! | Let us go with this man! |
| Ach! möchte mich von meines Leibes Ketten | Ah! if only the Lord might rescue me |
| Der Herr erretten; | from the chains of my body; |
| Ach! wäre doch mein Abschied hier, | Ah! were only my departure here, |
| Mit Freuden sagt ich, Welt, zu dir: | with joy I would say, world, to you: |
| Ich habe genug. | I have enough. |
| 3. Aria | 3. Aria |
| Schlummert ein, ihr matten Augen, | Fall asleep, you weary eyes, |
| Fallet sanft und selig zu! | close softly and pleasantly! |
| Welt, ich bleibe nicht mehr hier, | World, I will not remain here any longer, |
| Hab ich doch kein Teil an dir, | I own no part of you |
| Das der Seele könnte taugen. | that could matter to my soul. |
| Hier muss ich das Elend bauen, | Here I must build up misery, |
| Aber dort, dort werd ich schauen | but there, there I will see |
| Süßen Friede, stille Ruh. | sweet peace, quiet rest. |
| 4. Recitative | 4. Recitative |
| Mein Gott! wann kömmt das schöne: Nun! | My God! When will the lovely ‘now!’ come, |
| Da ich im Friede fahren werde | when I will journey into peace |
| Und in dem Sande kühler Erde | and into the cool soil of earth, |
| Und dort bei dir im Schoße ruhn? | and there, near You, rest in Your lap? |
| Der Abschied ist gemacht, | My farewells are made, |
| Welt, gute Nacht! | world, good night! |
| 5. Aria | 5. Aria |
| Ich freue mich auf meinen Tod, | I delight in my death, |
| Ach, hätt’ er sich schon eingefunden. | ah, if it were only present already! |
| Da entkomm ich aller Not, | Then I will emerge from all the suffering |
| Die mich noch auf der Welt gebunden. | that still binds me to the world. |
Dieterich Buxtehude (c. 1637/39–1707)
Liebster, meine Seele saget, BuxWV 70
Soprano: Anna O’Connell
Baroque Flute: Cheng-Yu Wu
Baroque Violin: Addi Liu, Joey Ho
Baroque Cello: Jamie Jim
Harpsichord: Derek Tam
| Liebster, meine Seele saget mit durchaus verliebtem Sinn, | Dearest, my soul speaks in complete adoration, |
| und mit vollem Sehnen fraget: | and asks with deepest desire, |
| Liebster, ach, wo bist du? | Dearest, where have you gone? |
| Komm, mein Heiland, mein Verlangen, | Come, my Savior, my desire, |
| Komm, vom Libanon gegangen! | Come to me from Lebanon! |
| Laß dich finden, o dein Jammer, | Let me find you, O your misery! |
| dan so will ich führen dichhin zu meiner Mutter Kammer, | then will I lead you to my mother’s chamber, |
| ja ich will bemühen mich, | yes, I will strive, |
| meine Lust, dich nicht zu lassen auf die Gassen auf die Strassen. | my desire, not to lose you in the highways and in the byways. |
| Sage mir doch, bitt’ ich, o du, | Tell me, I beg you, O you, |
| Saransblume du, wo zugengen in Mittage, | Flower of Sharon, where in mid-day, |
| nimmst du deine süsse Ruh? | do you take rest? |
| Ach wo pflegst du samt den Schafen auszuruhen, auszuschlafen? | Ah, where do you care for your sheep, to rest, to sleep? |
| Komm, ach komm, laß deine Liebe dein Panier | Come, ah come, let your banner of love be over me, |
| sein über mir, | |
| mich dein Absein nicht betrübe, | I am not troubled by your absence, |
| sondern laß mich für und für unter deinen Armen sitzen deine Liebesflamm er hitzen. | but let me sit under your arms forever and ever and kindle the flame of your love. |
| Alleluja. | Alleluja. |
| (Trans. by Jonathan Moyer) |
In the 60th year of the Kangxi Emperor’s reign or 1721, Bach presented six concertos to Christian Ludwig, Margrave of Brandenburg-Schwedt.
The fifth Brandenburg concerto may have been written for a harpsichord competition between Bach and the French composer Louis Marchand. Bach included a melody written by Marchand in the second movement.
Louis Marchand, who heard Bach playing the previous day left town in the morning and never showed up for the contest.
Johann Sebastian Bach (1685–1750)
Brandenburg Concerto No. 5 in D Major, BWV 1050 (1720–21)
Allegro
Affettuoso
Allegro
Concertino:
Baroque Flute: Cheng-Yu Wu
Baroque Violin: Edmond Chan
Harpsichord: Derek Tam
Ripieno:
Baroque Violin: Joey Ho, Amy Yau
Baroque Viola: Lam Tim Wai
Baroque Cello: Jamie Jim